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Tandem Ubiquitin Binding Entities (TUBEs) as Tools to Explore Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and PROTAC Drug Discovery
Lieven
- 0
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a fancy pathway that entails a number of enzymes and culminates within the formation of a polyubiquitin chain on a goal protein. As its significance is turning into extra evident in drug discovery, there’s a renewed curiosity in understanding the function that polyubiquitin chains play.
This has been a problem, largely because of the lack of experimental instruments for detecting the polyubiquitinated types of a protein of curiosity (POI). Tandem Ubiquitin Binding Entities (TUBEs) are engineered protein domains that bind particularly to polyubiquitin chains. These polyubiquitin affinity matrices are extremely delicate as they bind to polyubiquitin chains within the nanomolar vary.
They exist in two kinds: pan-selective TUBEs and chain-selective TUBEs. The flexibility of TUBEs to be conjugated to totally different entities is really what makes them distinctive. TUBEs are utilized in all kinds of experiments comparable to in protein pulldowns to complement for polyubiquitinated proteins. They’re an alternative choice to ubiquitin antibodies in Western blots.
Additional, TUBEs are used as seize reagents for immobilizing polyubiquitinated proteins on a microtiter plate. Using TUBEs as parts of in vitro and cell-based assays presents the distinctive function of confirming and assessing the polyubiquitination of a POI in response to inhibitors, activators, or PROTAC® molecules. Subsequently, TUBEs not solely play a giant function in finding out the usbut even have an enormous potential for rushing up the drug discovery course of.
A Novel Luminescence-Primarily based Excessive-Throughput Method for Mobile Decision of Protein Ubiquitination Utilizing Tandem Ubiquitin Binding Entities (TUBEs).
Protein turnover is extremely regulated by the posttranslational strategy of ubiquitination. Deregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been implicated in most cancers and neurodegenerative illnesses, and modulating this method has confirmed to be a viable strategy for therapeutic intervention. The event of novel applied sciences that allow high-throughput research of substrate protein ubiquitination is essential for UPS drug discovery.
Typical approaches for finding out ubiquitination both have excessive protein necessities or depend on exogenous or modified ubiquitin moieties, thus limiting their utility. As a way to circumvent these points, we developed a high-throughput live-cell assay that mixes the NanoBiT luminescence-based expertise with tandem ubiquitin binding entities (TUBEs) to resolve substrate ubiquitination.
To reveal the effectiveness and utility of this assay, we studied compound-induced ubiquitination of the G to S Part Transition 1 (GSPT1) protein. Utilizing this assay, we characterised compounds with various ranges of GSPT1 ubiquitination exercise.
This methodology gives a live-cell-based strategy for assaying substrate ubiquitination that may be tailored to review the kinetics of ubiquitin switch onto a substrate protein of curiosity. As well as, our outcomes present that this strategy is transportable for finding out the ubiquitination of goal proteins with various features.
New insights into host-parasite ubiquitin proteome dynamics in P. falciparum contaminated purple blood cells utilizing a TUBEs-MS strategy.
Malaria, attributable to Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), ranks as some of the baleful infectious illnesses worldwide. New antimalarial therapies are wanted to face present or rising drug resistant strains. Protein degradation seems to play a big function through the asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) of P. falciparum.
Inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), a serious intracellular proteolytic pathway, successfully reduces an infection and parasite replication. P. falciparum and erythrocyte UPS coexist throughout IDC however the nature of their relationship is essentially unknown. We used an strategy primarily based on Tandem Ubiquitin-Binding Entities (TUBEs) and 1D gel electrophoresis adopted by mass spectrometry to determine main parts of the TUBEs-associated ubiquitin proteome of each host and parasite throughout ring, trophozoite and schizont levels.
Ring-exported protein (REX1), a P. falciparum protein situated in Maurer’s clefts and vital for parasite nutrient import, was discovered to succeed in a most stage of ubiquitylation in trophozoites stage. The Homo sapiens (H. sapiens) TUBEs related ubiquitin proteome decreased through the an infection, whereas the equal P. falciparum TUBEs-associated ubiquitin proteome counterpart elevated. Main mobile processes comparable to DNA restore, replication, stress response, vesicular transport and catabolic occasions look like regulated by ubiquitylation alongside the IDC P. falciparum an infection.
The Hectd1 ubiquitin ligase is required for growth of the top mesenchyme and neural tube closure.
Closure of the cranial neural tube is determined by regular growth of the top mesenchyme. Homozygous-mutant embryos for the ENU-induced open thoughts (opm) mutation exhibit exencephaly related to defects in head mesenchyme growth and dorsal-lateral hinge level formation. The top mesenchyme in opm mutant embryos is denser than in wildtype embryos and shows an irregular mobile group.
Since cells that originate from each the cephalic paraxial mesoderm and the neural crest populate the top mesenchyme, we explored the origin of the irregular head mesenchyme. opm mutant embryos present apparently regular growth of neural crest-derived constructions. Moreover, the irregular head mesenchyme in opm mutant embryos will not be derived from the neural crest, however as an alternative expresses molecular markers of cephalic mesoderm.
We additionally report the identification of the opm mutation within the ubiquitously expressed Hectd1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Two totally different Hectd1 alleles trigger incompletely penetrant neural tube defects in heterozygous animals, indicating that Hectd1 perform is required at a important threshold for neural tube closure. This low penetrance of neural tube defects in embryos heterozygous for Hectd1 mutations means that Hectd1 needs to be thought-about as candidate susceptibility gene in human neural tube defects.

A quick stream tube examine of fuel section H/D trade of multiply protonated ubiquitin.
An electrospray ionization (ESI)/fast-flow method has been utilized to the examine of fuel section hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) trade kinetics. Multiply charged ubiquitin ions [ubiquitin + nH](n)(+), in cost states n = 7-13, have been reacted with ND(3). The conduct of ND(3) as trade reagent is totally different from that of the beforehand studied reagents, D(2)O and CH(3)OD.
Opposite to these, the utmost variety of exchanged hydrogen atoms and the general trade fee have been noticed to extend with rising cost state of the ubiquitin ions. The outcomes are reagent-dependent as a result of the trade mechanisms are totally different for the totally different reagents. This remark is in settlement with a current conclusion by Beauchamp and colleagues that opposite to the idea usually expressed in earlier research, H/D trade kinetics could indirectly replicate ion constructions.
The outcomes for all three reagents are, nonetheless, according to observations of earlier ion mobility experiments that with rising cost state the conformers change from extra compact, partially folded constructions to elongated practically linear ones. H/D trade of (ubiquitin + 13H)(13+) with ND(3) results in two separated ion populations reflecting the potential existence of two conformers with totally different trade charges. The ions (ubiquitin + 8H)(8+) and (ubiquitin + 11H)(11+) signify {a partially} folded construction and an unfolded construction, respectively, and have been studied in better element.
The relative abundances of ions have been measured in steps of 0.5 m/z (mass-to-charge ratio), as a perform of the ND(3) stream fee. The experimental outcomes have been simulated by laptop fitted curves primarily based on a not too long ago developed algorithm. The algorithm permits the extraction of units of grouped fee constants. Eight fee fixed teams have been deduced for every of the 2 ions.
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (RPE) |
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abx444256-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (RPE) |
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abx444265-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ALP) |
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abx444810-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 477.6 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (APC) |
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abx444814-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (HRP) |
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abx444826-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 477.6 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (RPE) |
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abx444838-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ALP) |
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abx447954-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (APC) |
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abx447955-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (HRP) |
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abx447958-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 727.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (RPE) |
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abx447961-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (HRP) |
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abx443413-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 727.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (HRP) |
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abx443422-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 727.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ALP) |
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abx442291-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ALP) |
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abx442300-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (APC) |
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abx442572-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (APC) |
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abx442581-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (FITC) |
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abx444822-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 477.6 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (FITC) |
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abx447957-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (FITC) |
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abx443133-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (FITC) |
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abx443142-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (PerCP) |
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abx444834-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (PerCP) |
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abx447960-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (PerCP) |
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abx443975-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (PerCP) |
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abx443984-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (Biotin) |
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abx444818-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (Biotin) |
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abx447956-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (Biotin) |
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abx442853-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (Biotin) |
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abx442862-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 744 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 390) |
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abx444778-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 488) |
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abx444782-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 565) |
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abx444786-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 594) |
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abx444790-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 633) |
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abx444794-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 655) |
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abx444798-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 680) |
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abx444802-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 700) |
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abx444806-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 390) |
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abx447946-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 488) |
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abx447947-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 565) |
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abx447948-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 594) |
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abx447949-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 633) |
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abx447950-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 655) |
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abx447951-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 680) |
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abx447952-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 700) |
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abx447953-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 390) |
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abx440043-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 390) |
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abx440052-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 488) |
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abx440324-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 488) |
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abx440333-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 565) |
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abx440605-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 565) |
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abx440614-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 594) |
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abx440886-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 594) |
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abx440895-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 633) |
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abx441167-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 633) |
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abx441176-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 655) |
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abx441448-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 655) |
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abx441457-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 680) |
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abx441729-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 680) |
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abx441738-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 700) |
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abx442010-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (ATTO 700) |
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abx442019-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (Streptavidin) |
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abx444537-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (Streptavidin) |
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abx444546-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (Streptavidin) |
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abx444842-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 493.2 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (Streptavidin) |
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abx447962-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 760.8 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (PE/ATTO 594) |
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abx444830-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 510 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (PE/ATTO 594) |
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abx447959-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 777.6 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (PE/ATTO 594) |
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abx443694-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 777.6 |
ubiquitin (Ubiquitin) Antibody (PE/ATTO 594) |
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abx443703-200ug | Abbexa | 200 ug | EUR 777.6 |
Ubiquitin |
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A20038 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 94.8 |
Ubiquitin |
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A00038 | ScyTek Laboratories | 6 ml | EUR 129.6 |
Ubiquitin |
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A00038.0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 261.6 |
Ubiquitin |
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MO18001 | Neuromics | 100 ul | EUR 579.6 |
Ubiquitin |
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MO22152 | Neuromics | 100 ul | EUR 522 |
Ubiquitin |
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PR27083 | Neuromics | 50 ug | EUR 381.6 |
Ubiquitin |
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pro-314 | ProSpec Tany | 10µg | EUR 60 |
Description: Recombinant Human Ubiquitin |
Ubiquitin |
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E8ER31212 | EnoGene | 100ul | EUR 275 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin |
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E8ET1609-21 | EnoGene | 100ul | EUR 275 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin+1 |
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MO15045 | Neuromics | 500 ug | EUR 615.6 |
Ubiquitin+1 |
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MO15138 | Neuromics | 500 ug | EUR 732 |
Ubiquitin+1 |
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RA15043 | Neuromics | 100 ug | EUR 631.2 |
Ubiquitin D |
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E8ET1701-9 | EnoGene | 100ul | EUR 275 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin AMC |
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81150 | BPS Bioscience | 50 µg | EUR 380 |
Description: Ubiquitin-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for ubiquitin hydrolases based on the C-terminus derivatization of ubiquitin with 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). Upon incubation with a protease recognizing Ubiquitin, such as USP2 or UCHL3, AMC is released and the increase in fluorescence can be measured using Ex380 nm and Em460 nm wavelengths. This protein contains no extraneous tags. |
Ubiquitin G76A |
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pro-280 | ProSpec Tany | 5µg | EUR 60 |
Description: Recombinant Human Ubiquitin Gly76 to Ala76 mutation |
Ubiquitin K48R |
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pro-372 | ProSpec Tany | 5µg | EUR 60 |
Description: Recombinant Human Ubiquitin Lys 48 to Arg 48 mutation |
Ubiquitin-AMC |
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4842-25 | Biovision | each | EUR 366 |
Ubiquitin Biotin |
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pro-629 | ProSpec Tany | 2µg | EUR 60 |
Description: Recombinant Human Ubiquitin Biotin |
Ubiquitin Protein |
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20-abx260431 | Abbexa |
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Ubiquitin Protein |
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20-abx263565 | Abbexa |
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Ubiquitin protein |
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30R-1044 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 268.8 |
Description: Purified recombinant Human Ubiquitin protein |
Ubiquitin protein |
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30R-2726 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 429.6 |
Description: Purified recombinant Human Ubiquitin protein |
Ubiquitin protein |
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30R-2727 | Fitzgerald | 25 ug | EUR 483.6 |
Description: Synthetic Ubiquitin protein |
Ubiquitin protein |
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30R-2730 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 649.2 |
Description: Purified recombinant Human Ubiquitin protein |
Ubiquitin protein |
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30R-3009 | Fitzgerald | 500 ug | EUR 268.8 |
Description: Purified recombinant Ubiquitin protein |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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20-abx100215 | Abbexa |
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Ubiquitin Antibody |
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abx448822-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 727.2 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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abx448840-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 727.2 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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abx448876-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 727.2 |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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10R-6608 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 354 |
Description: Mouse monoclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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10R-7469 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 471.6 |
Description: Mouse monoclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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10R-7470 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 471.6 |
Description: Mouse monoclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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10R-U101b | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 645.6 |
Description: Mouse monoclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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20R-2923 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 471.6 |
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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20-UR20 | Fitzgerald | 200 ul | EUR 211.2 |
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
ubiquitin Antibody |
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39382-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 468 |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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70R-30827 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 392.4 |
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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70R-UR007 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 360 |
Description: Affinity purified Rabbit polyclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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70R-10670 | Fitzgerald | 1 ml | EUR 447.6 |
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin antibody |
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70R-13961 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 366 |
Description: Affinity purified Rabbit polyclonal Ubiquitin antibody |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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33537-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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33537-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 224.4 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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48860-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 399.6 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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48860-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 286.8 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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ABF0289 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 525.6 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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20-abx159758 | Abbexa |
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Ubiquitin Antibody |
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20-abx159759 | Abbexa |
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Ubiquitin Antibody |
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F52850-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | EUR 140.25 |
Description: Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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F52850-0.4ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.4 ml | EUR 322.15 |
Description: Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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F42055-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | EUR 140.25 |
Description: This gene encodes ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin is required for ATP-dependent, nonlysosomal intracellular protein degradation of abnormal proteins and normal proteins with a rapid turnover. It is covalently bound to proteins to be degraded, and presumably labels these proteins for degradation. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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F42055-0.4ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.4 ml | EUR 330.65 |
Description: This gene encodes ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin is required for ATP-dependent, nonlysosomal intracellular protein degradation of abnormal proteins and normal proteins with a rapid turnover. It is covalently bound to proteins to be degraded, and presumably labels these proteins for degradation. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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F42064-0.08ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.08 ml | EUR 140.25 |
Description: This gene encodes Ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin is required for ATP-dependent, nonlysosomal intracellular protein degradation of abnormal proteins and normal proteins with a rapid turnover. Ubiquitin is covalently bound to proteins to be degraded, and presumably labels these proteins for degradation. Ubiquitin also binds to histone H2A in actively transcribed regions but does not cause histone H2A degradation, suggesting that ubiquitin is also involved in regulation of gene expression. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence. Consequently, the protein is expressed as a polyubiquitin precursor with a final amino acid after the last repeat. Aberrant form of this protein has been noticed in patients with Alzheimer's and Down syndrome. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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F42064-0.4ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.4 ml | EUR 322.15 |
Description: This gene encodes Ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin is required for ATP-dependent, nonlysosomal intracellular protein degradation of abnormal proteins and normal proteins with a rapid turnover. Ubiquitin is covalently bound to proteins to be degraded, and presumably labels these proteins for degradation. Ubiquitin also binds to histone H2A in actively transcribed regions but does not cause histone H2A degradation, suggesting that ubiquitin is also involved in regulation of gene expression. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence. Consequently, the protein is expressed as a polyubiquitin precursor with a final amino acid after the last repeat. Aberrant form of this protein has been noticed in patients with Alzheimer's and Down syndrome. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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R30490 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 356.15 |
Description: Ubiquitin(originally, ubiquitous immunopoietic polypeptide) is a small regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues(ubiquitously) of eukaryotic organisms. Its gene is mapped to 16p 13.3. The ubiquitin protein itself consists of 76 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 8.5 kDa. Ubiquitin binds to proteins and labels them for destruction. It directs protein recycling and also direct proteins to other locations in the cell, where they control other protein and cell mechanisms. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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R31544 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 356.15 |
Description: Ubiquitin (originally, ubiquitous immunopoietic polypeptide) is a small regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues (ubiquitously) of eukaryotic organisms. Its gene is mapped to 16p 13.3. The ubiquitin protein itself consists of 76 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 8.5 kDa. Ubiquitin binds to proteins and labels them for destruction. It directs protein recycling and also direct proteins to other locations in the cell, where they control other protein and cell mechanisms. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3894-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 349.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms. The addition of ubiquitin to a substrate protein is called ubiquitination or less frequently ubiquitylation. Ubiquitination affects proteins in many ways: it can mark them for degradation via the proteasome, alter their cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein interactions. Ubiquitination involves three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation, performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin ligases (E3s), respectively. The result of this sequential cascade is to bind ubiquitin to lysine residues on the protein substrate via an isopeptide bond, cysteine residues through a thioester bond, serine and threonine residues through an ester bond, or the amino group of the protein's N-terminus via a peptide bond. [Wiki] |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3894-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | EUR 153.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms. The addition of ubiquitin to a substrate protein is called ubiquitination or less frequently ubiquitylation. Ubiquitination affects proteins in many ways: it can mark them for degradation via the proteasome, alter their cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein interactions. Ubiquitination involves three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation, performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin ligases (E3s), respectively. The result of this sequential cascade is to bind ubiquitin to lysine residues on the protein substrate via an isopeptide bond, cysteine residues through a thioester bond, serine and threonine residues through an ester bond, or the amino group of the protein's N-terminus via a peptide bond. [Wiki] |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3894SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 349.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms. The addition of ubiquitin to a substrate protein is called ubiquitination or less frequently ubiquitylation. Ubiquitination affects proteins in many ways: it can mark them for degradation via the proteasome, alter their cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein interactions. Ubiquitination involves three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation, performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin ligases (E3s), respectively. The result of this sequential cascade is to bind ubiquitin to lysine residues on the protein substrate via an isopeptide bond, cysteine residues through a thioester bond, serine and threonine residues through an ester bond, or the amino group of the protein's N-terminus via a peptide bond. [Wiki] |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3933-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 349.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3933-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | EUR 153.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3933SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 349.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3934-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 349.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3934-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | EUR 153.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V3934SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 349.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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RQ5311 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ul | EUR 356.15 |
Description: The UBB gene encodes ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. It is also involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence. Consequently, the protein is expressed as a polyubiquitin precursor with a final amino acid after the last repeat. An aberrant form of this protein has been detected in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. [RefSeq] |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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RQ5312 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ul | EUR 356.15 |
Description: The UBB gene encodes ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. It is also involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence. Consequently, the protein is expressed as a polyubiquitin precursor with a final amino acid after the last repeat. An aberrant form of this protein has been detected in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. [RefSeq] |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V8150-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 349.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V8150-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | EUR 153.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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V8150SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 349.3 |
Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved and plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In ubiquitination process, it is first activated by forming a thiol-ester complex with the activation component E1, which is then transferred to ubiquitin-carrier protein E2, followed by to ubiquitin ligase E3 for final delivery to epsilon-NH2 of the target protein lysine residue. IkB, p53, cdc25A, Bcl-2 etc. are shown as targets of ubiquitin-proteasome process as part of regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell stress response, and apoptosis. Moreover, ubiquitin have been reported to bind covalently with pathological inclusions which are resistant to degradation e.g. neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy bodies seen in Parkinson's disease, and Pick bodies found in Pick's disease etc. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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E11-0385C | EnoGene | 100μg | EUR 225 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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E033537 | EnoGene | 100μg/100μl | EUR 255 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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E18-0289-1 | EnoGene | 50μg/50μl | EUR 145 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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E18-0289-2 | EnoGene | 100μg/100μl | EUR 225 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
ubiquitin Antibody |
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E300948 | EnoGene | 100ug/200ul | EUR 275 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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AF0289-100ul | Affinity Biosciences | 100ul | EUR 280 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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AF0289-200ul | Affinity Biosciences | 200ul | EUR 350 |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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E38PA5909 | EnoGene | 100ul | EUR 225 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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E90125 | EnoGene | 100ul | EUR 225 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin Antibody |
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AF0289 | Affinity Biosciences | 100ul | EUR 280 |
Description: Human,Mouse,Rat |
pEBB- BT- Ubiquitin |
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PVT11556 | Lifescience Market | 2 ug | EUR 364.8 |
Ubiquitin+1, Human |
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LF-P0042 | Abfrontier | 0.5 mg | EUR 242.4 |
Description: Ubiquitin+1, Human protein |
Ubiquitin-Rhodamine |
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81151 | BPS Bioscience | 50 µg | EUR 405 |
Description: Ubiquitin-rhodamine 110 is a quenched, fluorescent substrate for deubiquitylases, especially ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases. Cleavage of the amide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and rhodamine results in an increase in rhodamine fluorescence at 535 nm (Exc. 485 nm). |
Ubiquitin-Rhodamine |
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6411-50 | Biovision | each | EUR 652.8 |
Ubiquitin, His-Tag |
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79293 | BPS Bioscience | 2 mg | EUR 100 |
Description: Human Ubiquitin, also known as UBB, UBC, UBA52, and RPS27A. GenBank Accession No. NM_021009, a.a. 2-76, with C-terminal His-tag, expressed in an Sf9 expression system. |
E3 ubiquitin ligase |
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E8ER1907-88 | EnoGene | 100ul | EUR 275 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
Ubiquitin+1 protein |
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30R-3010 | Fitzgerald | 500 ug | EUR 268.8 |
Description: Purified recombinant Ubiquitin+1 protein |
Ubiquitin Rabbit mAb |
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A19686-100ul | Abclonal | 100 ul | EUR 492 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit mAb |
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A19686-200ul | Abclonal | 200 ul | EUR 685.2 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit mAb |
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A19686-20ul | Abclonal | 20 ul | EUR 265.2 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit mAb |
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A19686-50ul | Abclonal | 50 ul | EUR 344.4 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit pAb |
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A18185-100ul | Abclonal | 100 ul | EUR 369.6 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit pAb |
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A18185-200ul | Abclonal | 200 ul | EUR 550.8 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit pAb |
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A18185-20ul | Abclonal | 20 ul | EUR 219.6 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit pAb |
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A18185-50ul | Abclonal | 50 ul | EUR 267.6 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit pAb |
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A2129-100ul | Abclonal | 100 ul | EUR 369.6 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit pAb |
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A2129-200ul | Abclonal | 200 ul | EUR 550.8 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit pAb |
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A2129-20ul | Abclonal | 20 ul | EUR 219.6 |
Ubiquitin Rabbit pAb |
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A2129-50ul | Abclonal | 50 ul | EUR 267.6 |
×
These fee constants correspond to 32 and 44 H/D exchanges for the 8+ and 11+ charged ions, respectively. The outcomes point out increased particular person charges for many of the exchanged atoms within the 11+ ion in comparison with the 8+ ion.
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